تبادل لینک هوشمند
Original Research The Effect of Running Shoes on Lower Extremity Joint Torques D. Casey Kerrigan, MD, Jason R. Franz, MS, Geoffrey S. Keenan, MD, Jay Dicharry, MPT, Ugo Della Croce, PhD, Robert P. Wilder, MD Objective:
To determine the effect of modern-day running shoes on lower extremity joint
Design: Setting: Participants: running shoes. Methods: controlled running speed. Three-dimensional motion capture data were collected in synchrony with ground reaction force data from an instrumented treadmill for each of the 2 conditions. Main Outcome Measurements: hip, knee, and ankle as calculated through a full inverse dynamic model. Results: shoes compared with running barefoot. Disproportionately large increases were observed in the hip internal rotation torque and in the knee flexion and knee varus torques. An average 54% increase in the hip internal rotation torque, a 36% increase in knee flexion torque, and a 38% increase in knee varus torque were measured when running in running shoes compared with barefoot. Conclusions: sites that are typically more prone to knee osteoarthritis, the medial and patellofemoral compartments. It is important to note the limitations of these findings and of current 3-dimensional gait analysis in general, that only resultant joint torques were assessed. It is unknown to what extent actual joint contact forces could be affected by compliance that a shoe might provide, a potentially valuable design characteristic that may offset the observed increases in joint torques. INTRODUCTION Knee osteoarthritis (OA), which occurs symptomatically in approximately 6% of adults older than the age of 30 and in 10% of adults older than the age of 55, accounts for more disability in the elderly than any other disease physical activity on propensity to OA have been conflicting use of different types of footwear during physical activity may contribute to the progression, if not the development of knee OA, deserves strong consideration because footwear is a potentially controllable and easily modifiable factor for this prevalent and disabling disease. In earlier studies, the authors showed that women’s high-heeled shoes increase the external knee varus torque and prolong the external knee flexion torque compared with barefoot walking in women’s dress shoes given the relatively high incidence of knee OA in women. An increase in the external knee varus torque implies relatively greater compressive force through the medial aspect of the knee, the anatomical site of the knee most prone to degenerative changes, as compared with the lateral aspect D.C.K. Place, Charlottesville, VA 22903. Address correspondence to: D.C.K.; e-mail: dckerrigan@oeshshoes.com Disclosure: 1B, developed patented footwear design used by JKM Technologies, LLC and the OESH brand; 7B, Brooks Sports Inc. J.R.F. University of Colorado, Boulder, CO Disclosure: nothing to disclose G.S.K. Rehabilitation, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA Disclosure: nothing to disclose J.D. Rehabilitation, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA Disclosure: nothing to disclose U.D.C. Rehabilitation, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Italy Disclosure: nothing to disclose R.P.W. Rehabilitation, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA Disclosure: nothing to disclose Disclosure Key can be found on the Table of Contents and at Submitted for publication June 30, 2009; accepted September 22. PM&R © 2009 by the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1934-1482/09/$36.00 Vol. 1, 1058-1063, December 2009 Printed in U.S.A. DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2009.09.011 1058
torques during running.
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